Identification and characterization of opportunities for improvement in industrial processes by lean automation method

Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáConsidering that the need to adapt industries to remain competitive is increasing, this research is being carried out with the objective of identifying and characterizing improvements in industrial processes, in order to improve them through resources and methods widely used in the industry, such as Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Therefore, it was necessary to analyze the LM and I4.0 methodology, resulting in Lean Automation tools, the process of a real company was also analyzed as a case study so that improvement suggestions could be provided. In addition, it was important to interpret the biggest losses that happen in industries with the objective of avoiding them. Finally, it was found that the application of Industry 4.0 in lean tools brings convenience and flexibility since the combination of the two methodologies can be done according to the needs of each industry. Regarding the suggestions for improvements found in the process, initially, it was the implementation of a dashboard as an aid to visual management. Furthermore, it is also suggested to apply the OEE together with the production notes, also in the form of a dashboard. The implementations already carried out were satisfactory in terms of facilitating the automated monitoring of the process. Therefore, it is possible to verify that Industry 4.0 helps with lean tools that can facilitate the visualization and monitoring of industrial processes.Considerando que a necessidade de adaptar as indústrias para se manterem competitivas é cada vez maior, esta pesquisa está sendo realizada com o objetivo de identificar e caracterizar melhorias nos processos industriais, a fim de melhora-los por meio de recursos e métodos amplamente utilizados na indústria, como o Lean Manufacturing (LM) e Indústria 4.0 (I4.0). Portanto, foi necessário analisar a metodologia LM e I4.0, resultando em ferramentas de automação enxuta, também foi analisado o processo de uma empresa real como um estudo de caso para que sugestões de melhoria pudessem ser fornecidas. Além disso, foi importante interpretar as maiores perdas que acontecem nas indústrias com o objetivo de evitá-las. Por fim, verificou-se que a aplicação da Indústria 4.0 nas ferramentas enxutas traz comodidade e flexibilidade, visto que a combinação das duas metodologias pode ser feita de acordo com a necessidade de cada indústria. No que diz respeito às sugestões de melhorias encontradas no processo, inicialmente foi a implementação de um dashboard como auxilio de gestão visual. Além disso sugere-se também a aplicação do OEE juntamente com o apontamento de produção também em forma de dashboard. As implementações já realizadas foram satisfatórias em termos de facilitar o monitoramento automatizado do processo. Portanto, é possível verificar que a Indústria 4.0 auxilia nas ferramentas enxutas que podem facilitar a visualização e o monitoramento dos processos industriais

Vaginal sheets with Thymbra capitata essential oil for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: design, characterization and in vitro evaluation of efficacy and safety

We aimed to incorporate Thymbra capitata essential oil (TCEO), a potent antimicrobial natural product against bacterial vaginosis (BV)-related bacteria, in a suitable drug delivery system. We used vaginal sheets as dosage form to promote immediate relief of the typical abundant vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour. Excipients were selected to promote the healthy vaginal environment reestablishment and bioadhesion of formulations, while the TCEO acts directly on BV pathogens. We characterized vaginal sheets with TCEO in regard to technological characterization, predictable in vivo performance, in vitro efficacy and safety. Vaginal sheet D.O (acid lactic buffer, gelatine, glycerine, chitosan coated with TCEO 1% w/w) presented a higher buffer capacity and ability to absorb vaginal fluid simulant (VFS) among all vaginal sheets with EO, showing one of the most promising bioadhesive profiles, an excellent flexibility and structure that allow it to be easily rolled for application. Vaginal sheet D.O with 0.32 µL/mL TCEO was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load of all in vitro tested Gardnerella species. Although vaginal sheet D.O presented toxicity at some concentrations, this product was developed for a short time period of treatment, so this toxicity can probably be limited or even reversed when the treatment ends.This work supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology within the research project PTDC/BIA-MIC/28271/2017 under the scope of COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-028271) including an individual scholarship and general funding. This work was also developed within the scope of the CICS-UBI projects UIDB/00709/2020 and UIDP/00709/2020, financed by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/MCTES.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genetic diversity of pepper genotypes for use as ornamental plants

The commercialization of ornamental pepper trees constitutes an important source of income for the agricultural populations. Despite the great variability that exists, in Brazil few commercial varieties are used for this purpose. The presence of genetic diversity is the main criterion for a successful selection and progress in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic diversity among pepper genotypes, aiming at their use in ornamentation, through the description of morpho-agronomic characteristics. 14 quantitative characteristics and seven qualitative characteristics related to plant, flower and fruit were evaluated in 29 pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes. Using the mixed model methodology and analysis of genetic diversity, genetic variability was verified between the genotypes. The genotypes were divided into seven groups of genetic similarity in terms of quantitative characteristics, three in terms of qualitative characteristics and five groups considering the characteristics together. Thus, the genetic variability of the genotypes can be exploited to produce superior combinations while.A comercialização de pimenteiras ornamentais constitui importante fonte de renda para as populações agrícolas. Apesar da grande variabilidade existente, no Brasil poucas variedades comerciais são destinadas a esse fim. A presença de diversidade genética é o principal critério para uma seleção e progresso bem-sucedidos em um programa de melhoramento. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a diversidade genética entre genótipos de pimenta, visando seu uso na ornamentação, através da descrição de características morfo-agronômicas. 14 características quantitativas e sete características qualitativas relacionadas a plantas, flores e frutos foram avaliadas em 29 genótipos de pimenta (Capsicum annuum). Utilizando a metodologia do modelo misto e a análise da diversidade genética, verificou-se a variabilidade genética entre os genótipos. Os genótipos foram divididos em sete grupos de similaridade genética em termos de características quantitativas, três em termos de características qualitativas e cinco grupos considerando as características em conjunto. Assim, a variabilidade genética dos genótipos pode ser explorada para produzir combinações superiores

Selection of pepper genotypes for ornamentation

Obtaining a variety that has high performance characteristics is the main focus of a breeding program. It is of interest to the breeder an ideotype plant that contains all the characteristics of interest for commercialization. With the objective of to evaluate the potential of genotypes of Capsicum annuum, with desirable ornamentation characteristics, 29 genotypes of C. annuum was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with 29 treatments (genotypes) and five replications. Eleven characteristics of plant, flower and fruit were evaluated.  The cultivar Calypso was chosen as an ideotype because it has characters that are highly desirable in the ornamentation market. Genetic variability was observed for all traits. The factor analysis was efficient in reducing the 11 characteristics in three factors. Based on the factor analysis and the distance between genotype-ideotype, nine genotypes were selected for presenting means close to those of the ideotype, for all the characteristics evaluated.A obtenção de uma variedade com características de alto desempenho é o foco principal de um programa de melhoramento. É de interesse do criador uma planta de ideótipo que contém todas as características de interesse para comercialização. Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial dos genótipos de Capsicum annuum, com características desejáveis ​​de ornamentação, foram avaliados 29 genótipos de C. annuum. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 29 tratamentos (genótipos) e cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas onze características de plantas, flores e frutos. A cultivar Calypso foi escolhida como ideótipo por possuir caracteres altamente desejáveis ​​no mercado de ornamentação. Variabilidade genética foi observada para todas as características. A análise fatorial foi eficiente na redução das 11 características em três fatores. Com base na análise fatorial e na distância entre o genótipo-ideótipo, nove genótipos foram selecionados por apresentar médias próximas às do ideótipo, para todas as características avaliadas

Padrão de uso de álcool entre homens adultos em situação de rua de Belo Horizonte

Este estudio epidemiológico de carácter descriptivo, buscó conocer la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol entre la población en situación de calle. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el AUDIT con 245 hombres en situación de calle en Belo Horizonte. Se verifica mayor frecuencia del uso nocivo y probable dependencia en adultos maduros y mayor frecuencia del estándar de riesgo para los que viven en situación de calle por período superior a 6 años y entre los que duermen en la vía pública. Este estudio realza la importancia de construcción de políticas de salud orientadas a la población en situación de calle.Este estudo epidemiológico, de tipo descritivo, buscou conhecer a prevalência de consumo de álcool entre a população em situação de rua. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se o AUDIT com 245 homens em situação de rua, de Belo Horizonte. Verificou-se maior frequência do uso nocivo e provável dependência nos adultos maduros e maior frequência do padrão de risco para aqueles que vivem em situação de rua, em período superior a 6 anos, e entre os que dormem em vias públicas. Este estudo realça a importância da construção de políticas de saúde voltadas para a população em situação de rua.This descriptive, epidemiologic study aimed at identifying the prevalence of alcohol use among the homeless population. Data collection was performed using AUDIT with 245 men living on the streets of Belo Horizonte. It was found there is a high frequency of harmful alcohol use pattern with probable dependence in mature adults and a high rate of risk pattern for those living on the streets for over 6 years and among those sleeping in public areas. This study highlights the importance of building health policies that are aimed at the homeless population

Risk Factors for the Incidence of Dental Caries in Low, Very Low, and Extremely Low Birth Weight Children: A Cohort Study

Objective: To assess the incidence of caries in a two-year period among low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) children considering socioeconomic indicators, dietary factors and oral hygiene. Material and Methods: A convenience sample was formed of 42 low birth weight children aged two to five years at baseline. Two examiners diagnosed caries using the World Health Organization criteria. Birth weight, socioeconomic indicators and diet were collected from medical records and questionnaires. Binomial models were used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals for the factors evaluated. Results: Thirty-six children were re-examined after two years. The incidence of dental caries was 36.7%. The dmft index was 0.44 (±1.25) at baseline and increased to 1.36 (±3.85) at follow-up. VLBW children (1,000 to 1,500 g) (RR=0.23; 95%CI: 0.08-0.72) and LBW children (1,500 to 2,500 g) (RR=0.06; 0.01-0.55) had fewer carious lesions compared to ELBW children (<1,000 g). Carious lesions were more frequent among children with a lower income (RR=6.05; 1.05-34.84) and less frequent among those who did not consume sweetened juice, tea or yogurt (RR: 0.21; 0.07-0.62). Conclusion: An inverse dose-response relation was found between birth weight and the incidence of caries. A lower income and the consumption of sweetened beverages were risk factors for the development of caries

AVALIAÇÃO DA MELHORA NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE GESTANTES COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE PEDRAS QUENTES

A Gestação é o momento da vida de uma mulher em que ocorrem inúmeras mudanças fisiológicas e psicológicas, como também o aparecimento de sintomatologias dolorosas, como edemas, contraturas musculares e aumento do peso corporal ocasionando dor na coluna vertebral. O edema costuma ser uma das principais queixas dolorosas entre as gestantes, pois devido a alterações hormonais e principalmente a dificuldade de retorno venoso, as mesmas tendem a reter mais líquido corporal, principalmente nos membros inferiores

Mutation profling of cancer drivers in Brazilian colorectal cancer

The molecular basis of colorectal cancer (CRC) can guide patient prognosis and therapy. In Brazil, knowledge on the CRC mutation landscape is limited. Here, we investigated the mutation profile of 150 cancer-related genes by next-generation sequencing and associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and genetic ancestry in a series of 91 Brazilian CRC patients. Driver mutations were found in the APC (71.4%), TP53 (56.0%), KRAS (52.7%), PIK3CA (15.4%) and FBXW7 (10.9%) genes. Overall, genes in the MAPK/ERK, PIK3/AKT, NOTCH and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways were mutated in 68.0%, 23.1%, 16.5%, and 15.3% of patients, respectively. MSI was found in 13.3% of tumors, most of which were proximal (52.4%, P< 0.001) and had a high mutation burden. European genetic ancestry was predominant (median of 83.1%), followed by Native American (4.1%), Asian (3.4%) and African (3.2%). NF1 and BRAF mutations were associated with African ancestry, while TP53 and PIK3CA mutations were inversely correlated with Native American ancestry. Our study suggests that Brazilian CRC patients exhibit a mutation profile similar to other populations and identify the most frequently mutated genes, which could be useful in future target therapies and molecular cancer screening strategies.We are thankful to Barretos Cancer Hospital. This work was supported by the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES, Brazil), the National Council for Scientifc and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil), and the Public Ministry of Labor Campinas (Research, Prevention and Education of Occupational Cancer, Brazil)

A reforma psiquiátrica em relatos de cuidadores de residências terapêuticas

The Brazilian Psychiatry Reform has created a number of alternatives to substitute the asylum internment system, among them, the Therapeutic Residential Service (SRT). Aiming at deepening the reflections over the challenges the reformist proposal faces, this study analyzes the discourses constructed by care providers of therapeutic residences in Campina Grande (state of Paraíba), to identify argumentative strategies either in favor or against the Reform, identify the identities they build for themselves and for other mental health network professionals and for the service users, in addition to analyzing how they name and describe psychic suffering. The research has a qualitative character, based on the theoreticalmethodological perspective of discursive social psychology. A total of 18 oral reports were obtained and submitted to discourse analysis. Although the care providers revealed their approval of the psychiatric reform, their reports stress the need for psychiatric hospitals, mainly for those users undergoing crises. Besides, hospital professionals are seen, in some of those reports, as more capable than those in the substitutive network. Moreover, these reports associate psychiatric suffering to disease, to dangerousness, and to alienation and characterize the users as aggressive, dangerous, and unstable. On the whole, those interviewed justify some practices typical of hospitals, value medical knowledge and reproduce asylum discourses.A Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira criou uma série de dispositivos para substituir o sistema asilar, entre eles o Serviço Residencial Terapêutico (SRT). Com o objetivo de ampliar as reflexões sobre os desafios enfrentados pela proposta reformista, este estudo analisa os discursos construídos pelos cuidadores das residências terapêuticas de Campina Grande (PB), visando detectar estratégias argumentativas favoráveis ou contrárias à Reforma, identificar as identidades que constroem para si próprios, para os demais profissionais da rede de saúde mental e para os usuários do serviço, além de analisar como nomeiam e descrevem o sofrimento psíquico. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, baseou-se na perspectiva teórico-metodológica da psicologia social discursiva. Obtiveram-se 18 depoimentos orais que foram submetidos à análise de discurso. Apesar dos cuidadores se posicionarem a favor da reforma psiquiátrica, apresentam relatos que reforçam a necessidade dos hospitais psiquiátricos, sobretudo, nos momentos de crise dos usuários. Ademais, os profissionais dos hospitais são posicionados, em alguns relatos, como mais capacitados do que os da rede substitutiva. Esses relatos ainda associam o sofrimento psíquico à doença, à periculosidade e à alienação, e caracterizam os usuários como agressivos, perigosos e instáveis. De modo geral, os entrevistados justificam algumas práticas hospitalocêntricas, valorizam o saber médico e reproduzem discursos asilares

New Insights in the Sugarcane Transcriptome Responding to Drought Stress as Revealed by Supersage

In the scope of the present work, four SuperSAGE libraries have been generated, using bulked root tissues from four drought-tolerant accessions as compared with four bulked sensitive genotypes, aiming to generate a panel of differentially expressed stress-responsive genes. Both groups were submitted to 24 hours of water deficit stress. The SuperSAGE libraries produced 8,787,315 tags (26 bp) that, after exclusion of singlets, allowed the identification of 205,975 unitags. Most relevant BlastN matches comprised 567,420 tags, regarding 75,404 unitags with 164,860 different ESTs. To optimize the annotation efficiency, the Gene Ontology (GO) categorization was carried out for 186,191 ESTs (BlastN against Uniprot-SwissProt), permitting the categorization of 118,208 ESTs (63.5%). In an attempt to elect a group of the best tags to be validated by RTqPCR, the GO categorization of the tag-related ESTs allowed the in silico identification of 213 upregulated unitags responding basically to abiotic stresses, from which 145 presented no hits after BlastN analysis, probably concerning new genes still uncovered in previous studies. The present report analyzes the sugarcane transcriptome under drought stress, using a combination of high-throughput transcriptome profiling by SuperSAGE with the Solexa sequencing technology, allowing the identification of potential target genes during the stress response